Limits & Standard Forms

Formula Sheet 7

1. Trigonometric & Inverse Limits

Standard Form Result
$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} $$ $$ 1 $$
$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\tan x}{x} $$ $$ 1 $$
Inverse Sine: $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin^{-1} x}{x} $$ $$ 1 $$
Inverse Tan: $$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\tan^{-1} x}{x} $$ $$ 1 $$

2. Algebraic Standard Limit

$$ \lim_{x \to a} \frac{x^n – a^n}{x – a} = n \cdot a^{n-1} $$

(Where ‘n’ is any rational number)

3. Exponential & Logarithmic

Exponential ($$ e^x $$)


$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{e^x – 1}{x} = 1 $$

General Base ($$ a^x $$)


$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{a^x – 1}{x} = \log_e a $$

Logarithmic


$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\log_e(1+x)}{x} = 1 $$