Properties of Definite Integrals

Chapter 7: CBSE 2025-26 Compilation

1. Basic Properties (Change of Variable & Limits)

Property Formula
$$ P_0 $$: Change of Variable
(Dummy variable)
$$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = \int_a^b f(t) \, dt $$
$$ P_1 $$: Interchanging Limits $$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = – \int_b^a f(x) \, dx $$
$$ P_2 $$: Splitting the Interval
(where $$ a < c < b $$)
$$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = \int_a^c f(x) \, dx + \int_c^b f(x) \, dx $$

2. Reflection Properties (King’s Property)

Property Formula
$$ P_3 $$: King’s Property
(Sum of limits – x)
$$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = \int_a^b f(a + b – x) \, dx $$
$$ P_4 $$: Special Case
(Derived from $$ P_3 $$)
$$ \int_0^a f(x) \, dx = \int_0^a f(a – x) \, dx $$

3. Symmetry & Even/Odd Functions

Interval Condition & Result
$$ P_6 $$: Interval $$ [0, 2a] $$
$$ \int_0^{2a} f(x) \, dx $$
If $$ f(2a – x) = f(x) $$:
$$ = 2 \int_0^a f(x) \, dx $$
If $$ f(2a – x) = -f(x) $$:
$$ = 0 $$
$$ P_7 $$: Interval $$ [-a, a] $$
$$ \int_{-a}^{a} f(x) \, dx $$
If Even Function ($$ f(-x) = f(x) $$):
$$ = 2 \int_0^a f(x) \, dx $$
If Odd Function ($$ f(-x) = -f(x) $$):
$$ = 0 $$